The surveillance of foodborne diseases in a district of Shanghai from 2014 through 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the incidence of foodborne diseases in a district of Shanghai from 2014 through 2018 and characterize the epidemiology of foodborne diseases， and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods:Using the National Foodborne Disease Surveillance and Reporting System， we collected the surveillance information of foodborne disease in the district from 2014 through 2018， and conducted a descriptive analysis of the surveillance results. Results:A total of 7 767 cases of foodborne diseases were identified in the district， Shanghai from 2014 through 2018， with the peak （30.56%） in July-August. The cases were likely to be aged 60-69 years （24.30%）， retired （45.68%）， and clerks （30.48%）. The places where suspicious food was consumed were mainly households （58.54%）. The suspected food was principally aquatic animals and their products （39.09%）， followed by multiple food （20.92%）， meat and meat products （11.82%）. A total of 1 904 cases with foodborne diseases were examined for pathogens， in which 473 tested positive （positive rate 24.84%）， including norovirus （n=145，19.91%）， diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli （n=211，11.08%）， Vibrio parahaemolyticus （n=83，4.36%）， Salmonella （n=59，3.10%）， campylobacter （n=4，0.21%）， and Shigella （n=2，0.11%）. Conclusion:Summer is the incidence peak of foodborne diseases in the district. Senior people aged 60-69 years have the highest incidence. Dining venues are mainly households and restaurants. Suspected food is mainly aquatic products and their products， multiple food， and meat and meat products. Predominant pathogens are norovirus， diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli， and V. paraheamolyticus.

Risk factors of postoperative rebleeding after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To analyze the risk factors of postoperative rebleeding after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,and provide a basis for clinical prevention of postoperative recurrent hemorrhage. Methods The clinical data of 413 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in our hospital from January 2007 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The possible correlation factors of postopera-tive recurrent hemorrhage and the high-risk factors were collected and summarized. Results According to univariate unconditional logistic regression analysis, there was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure, GCS score, bleeding volume, coagulation dysfunction and the use of sedative analgesics with the hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after surgery(P<0.05);they were also the risk factors of post-operative rebleeding after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage according to the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis (P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicate that there are many factors influencing postoperative rebleeding in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.In the perioperative period,higher systolic blood pressure,deeper consciousness disorder,more bleeding,and coagulation dysfunction are independent factors influencing postoperative re-bleeding, and more attention should be paid to it.

Research on magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction reconstruction based on improved time inversion algorithm / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a new algorithm to reconstruct the distribution of acoustic sources of magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI)in the acoustic inhomogeneous media,which is developed on the basis of generalized finite element method (GFEM) and modified time inversion algorithm. Methods The acoustic and acoustic coupling theory and the basic equations of acoustics were used to study the forward and inverse problems of the acoustic inhomogeneous concentric sphere magneticacoustic coupling model. The solution of acoustic non-uniform media wave equation based on GFEM was proposed.The method solved the problem of acoustically inhomogeneous media sound source reconstruction and conductivity reconstruction.At the same time,the distribution of velocity was reconstructed by rotating the pairs of transducers and the time reversal algorithm. Results The proposed algorithm could accurately reconstruct the acoustic source distribution in acoustic inhomogeneous media,and could obtain the distribution of sound velocity during the reconstruction of sound source and recover the image well. Conclusion The proposed algorithm had its feasibility and effectiveness verified,and gains advantages in MAT-MI reconstruction of acoustic inhomogeneous media.

Hepatobiliary transport of glutathione and its role in cholestasis / 药学学报

Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised by L-glutamate, L-cysteine, and glycine, that serves antioxygenation and deintoxication functions within the cell. Recent study has found that glutathione is the main driving force for bile salt-independent bile flow, impaired biliary excretion of glutathione can lead to cholestasis. This review focuses on hepatobiliary transport of glutathione and its role in cholestasis. Based on the evidence of choleretic effect of glutathione, enhancement of biliary excretion of glutathione may be a good strategy for prevention and treatment of cholestasis.

Efficacy of high dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy in patients underwent coronary angiography / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n = 100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 mg at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n = 50). Scr, Ccr, blood beta(2)-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Ccr was significantly reduced while blood beta(2)-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P < 0.05). Blood beta(2)-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35 +/- 0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67 +/- 0.64) mg/L, P = 0.008], day 3 [(2.49 +/- 0.55) mg/L vs. (2.80 +/- 0.64) mg/L, P = 0.011] and day 5 [(2.29 +/- 0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56 +/- 0.66) mg/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively;urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19 +/- 0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46 +/- 0.34) U/mmol, P < 0.001], day 3 [(1.30 +/- 0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59 +/- 0.33) U/mmol, P < 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10 +/- 0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34 +/- 0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Ccr in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69 +/- 20.99) ml/min vs. (65.19 +/- 18.72) ml/min, P = 0.035], day 3 [(64.04 +/- 15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79 +/- 14.50) ml/min, P = 0.019]post-procedure respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.</p>

Effect of phospholipid on absorption of diammonium glycyrrhizinate / 药学学报

To investigate the absorption mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (GL) for oral use in rat intestine as well as the effect of phospholipids on GL and its metabolite glycyrrhetic acid (GA), in situ single pass intestinal perfusion model and the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion with mesenteric cannulation model were used and the concentrations of GL and GA in perfusate and blood were determined by HPLC. The apparent permeability values (Papp) of GA with or without phospholipids are 7.98 and 5.73 cm x min(-1), respectively, whereas the permeability of GL had no significant statistical difference. The results showed that phospholipids can increase the absorption extent and speed of GA. This action can be used in the research and development of the new drugs of the glycyrrhiza.

Conditions for SARS-CoV cultivation and inactivation / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the method for cultivation and inactivation of SARS-CoV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In order to choose the sensitive cell strain and the best infection dose of the virus, Vero, Vero-E6 and 2BS cell lines were infected with SARS-CoV. The cultivation temperature was selected among 25 degrees C, 33 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The best inactivating time and effect were observed with beta-propiolactone whose concentration ranged from 1:2000 to 1:20,000 at room temperature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Vero and Vero-E6 cell lines were sensitive to SARS-CoV. The cytopathic changes of the cells were 75% at 37 degrees C in 5 percent CO2 incubator after infection. SARS-CoV was inactivated completely in beta-propiolactone (1:4000). The toxicity of beta-propiolactone was hydrolyzed completely when the inactivated virus was cultured for 16 hours at 2 degrees C, 8 degrees C and in water bath for 2 hours at 37 degrees C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The titer of SARS-CoV was the highest when it was cultured in Vero or Vero-E6 cells for 72 hours at 37 degrees C in 5 percent CO2 incubator. SARS-CoV was inactivated completely in beta-propiolactone when its concentration was 1:4000 and the interaction time was 1 hour.</p>

Relationship between acute dipterex poisoning and oxidative stress and free radical damage / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study relationship between acute dipterex poisoning and oxidative stress and free radical damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-two patients with acute dipterex poisoning (ADPP) and ninety-two healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in the study with randomized controlled trial design. Plasma levels of vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE), as well as level of lipoperoxide (LPO) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the red blood cells (RBC), were determined by spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Levels of VC and VE, and activities of SOD and AChE were (37.35 +/- 9.98) micromol/L, (16.57 +/- 4.54) micromol/L, (1 785 +/- 154) U/g Hb and (213.1 +/- 57.6) U/g Hb, respectively, in the ADPP group, significantly lower than those in the HAV group, (55.34 +/- 15.98) micromol/L, (25.66 +/- 7.24) micromol/L, (2 124 +/- 185) U/g Hb and (305.3 +/- 83.6) U/g Hb, respectively. Plasma level of LPO was (35.20 +/- 5.29) nmol/g Hb in the ADPP group, significantly higher than that in the HAV group, (27.87 +/- 4.66) nmol/g Hb. Partial correlation analysis suggested that there existed negative correlation between activity of AChE in the RBC and plasma level of LPO (r = -0.274, P = 0.013) and positive correlation between activity of AChE in the RBC and plasma levels of VC and VE, and activity of SOD in the RBC (r = 0.333, P = 0.002, r = 0.269, P = 0.015 and r = 0.248, P = 0.026, respectively) in the ADPP, adjusted for age. Coefficient of reliability alpha was 0.682 (P < 0.001), with a standardized alpha of 0.868 (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There exist severe oxidative stress and free radical damage in patients with acute dipterex poisoning.</p>

Time domain and power spectrum of wide frequency band electrocardiogram in pigeons / 生理学报

The wide frequency band ECG (WFB-ECG) was recorded in 33 (anesthetized) normal pigeons by the microprocessor ECG system (made in Nanjing University) with a wide-frequency response (0-1000 Hz), a high-speed sweep (up to 1401 mm/s) and a high sensitivity (up to 28 mm/mV). The recording methods for limb leads in the pigeon were the same as those in man, except that the needle electrodes (made by No.5 needles) were subcutaneously inserted in the bases of the wings and in the legs. We studied the features of time domain and power spectrum of pigeons WFB-ECG. It presents P, R, S and T waves, but no Q wave, basically similar to the results from Aves described by Sturkie. But there are still many characters that were not be recorded on the conventional ECG: (1) the main QRS complex is inverted and forms the type of rS or rSr , no Q wave in leads II, III, aVF, and the S-T segment is absent, which is different from that of humans. The T wave is upright in leads II, III, and aVF (except one), in agreement with that of man. But in lead aVR, the main QRS complex is upright and forms the type of Rs, and the T wave is inverted without any exception. There is a large notch on the upstroke of S wave without any exception. The amplitude of the notch is 0.413+/-0.133 mV and the duration is 9.733+/-1.291 ms in lead II. (2) The ratio of duration of P wave to P-R segment is about 0.8, lower than that of humans (1.0-1.6), but higher than that of mice (0.4). (3) The low frequency signals (0-80 Hz) are prominent. The relative power content of high frequency range of QRS in lead II is: 100-1000 Hz: (10.181+/-7.443)%; 80-300 Hz: (15.418+/-10.579)%. (4)The QRS vector loop in the frontal plane lies between -90 degrees and -180 degrees. The electrical axis of QRS complex averages -118 +/-10 (ranges from -96 degrees to -136 degrees). The reason that position of vector loop and the direction of main wave of QRS in the pigeon are different from human s and rodent s is probably that the Purkinje fibers cross the whole ventricular wall and terminate in the subepicardium in Aves including pigeons . After the impulses coming from the sinoatrial node reach the ventricular muscles, the subepicardium is depolarized before the endocardium. However in human s and rodent s, the Purkinje fibres only reach one-forth to one-second of the whole thickness from the endocardium to the epicardium, the subendocardium is depolarized before the subepicardium.